Computer programmer shows how the SCPP genes involved in dental development show evidence of intelligence design

The SCPP gene family shows gene duplication with no sequency homology. SCPP genes are responsible for several systems in the body:

dentin/bone formation (DSPP, DMP1, IBSP, MEPE, SPP1)
enamel (AMEL, ENAM, AMBN, AMTN)
Milk casein
salivary protein genes
proteins in tears

Genes encode information that allows the body to build proteins. These proteins work together to build the systems in living things. Some proteins become part of the structure of the body, or the proteins perform activities that build or regulate the systems of the body.

Genes are literally the software programming that run on the hardware of the living cell. Genes are the instructions that help build that machinery. Some entities, such as viruses, lack their own cellular machinery, and in order for their software routines to function, they need to use the machinery of other cells to run their programming.

One important charactertistic of software programs is that use common subroutines for common functions. For example, all the different places in a program that need to get input from a user, such as a first or a last name, all use a common edit box, with common software controlling how the cursor works, how keys are captured, how the information is displayed. Variations of input boxes, such as a password box that hides the characters entered, are designed to reuse other common functions that don't vary, such as remembering the sequence of characters. No one would argue that a password entry text box and a normal text box in a software program "Evolved" independently, and no software designer would design entirely separate code for each of those input functions. Any software designer would use as much common code as possible, share as much code as possible, to decrease the possibility of bugs, reduce the size of the overall code, and to manage complexity.

Living systems show the same evidence of design as computer software. In the same way that various software programs are designed to share common subroutines for common functions, at least three characteristics show that dental proteins were designed with common subroutines and patterns shared by other systems throughout the body:

	Characteristic	Why it shows design
First	Their protein products share some basic biochemical characteristics: all these proteins have a signal peptide, and hence are secretory proteins; (ii) most of these proteins are rich in charged, particularly acidic amino acids (Glu and Asp); (iii) most have at least one, but usually many Ser-Xaa-Glu motifs (Xaa represents any amino acid; Asp or phospho Ser may replace Glu), in which the Ser residue is phosphorylated, and (iv) these proteins bind to calcium ions through these acidic amino acids (Glu, Asp, and phospho-Ser). We thus call these proteins ‘secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins’ [Kawasaki and Weiss, 2003].	In software, routines with common structures are said to follow a "design pattern".
Second	SCPP genes share the common genomic structure: the entire exon 1 and the 5 -end of exon 2 together comprise the 5 -untranslated region (5 -UTR); (ii) exon 2 additionally codes the entire signal peptide and the Nterminus of the mature protein, and (iii) all the introns are phase 0, which means that they are located between two adjacent codons instead of disrupting a codon [Kawasaki and Weiss, 2006]. Some of these structural elements may be found in other genes. However, only SCPP genes (and the 5 portion of their ancestral SPARC and SPARCL1 as described below) have been found to possess all these characteristics.	These are analagous to the common structure of several software programs designed according to a "design pattern", such as "model view controller", or three tier architecture
Third	With one exception, SCPP genes all reside on a single chromosome, clustered in two regions. In the human genome, these clusters are separated 17 Mb apart on chromosome 4 ( fig. 2 ). The only exception is AMEL , which is located on the sex chromosomes in placental mammals; some species, including humans, retain this gene both on the X- and Y-chromosomes but others, such as the mouse, have it only on the X [Iwase et al., 2001, 2003; Sire et al., 2005]. And the X-copy, AMELX, resides within the first intron of ARHGAP6 (Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 gene).	Given that the human has 46 chromosomes, each containing many genes, the odds of 21 of 22 of these dental related genes occuring, without design, on a single chromosome is astronomically small, at least 1 in 46^21, or 1 in 179,951,981,699,749,520,911,776,633,428,380 (1.8e+33)

In Darwin's day, man might have had an excuse for believing in an impersonal mindless force like "evolution" causes the variety of teeth that we see today. But in the same way no one would argue that modern software, hardware, and computer systems evolved through mindless non-directed iterations, modern genetics gives modern day man much less excuse to dismiss the idea of a creator:

Genetics uncovers amazing clustering of code for related functions in the body, in the same way a software designer would organize the software routines in a program, or common libraries used by several programs.