???? ? ???????? ????????? ????????.
«??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????».       
????????? ?????? (????????).
?????? - ?????????.
«???????? ???, ? ??????? ????? ? ??? ??????? - ?????????. ??? ???? ??????????, ?? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????????, ? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????».        ???? ?????? (??????).
 
???????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????.   
Orthodox Theology and History of The Origin of Iconography.
By ?????????? ????????? ?????.
By Aleksandr Kharon, Orthodox Iconographer.
 
Coloring:
Purple represents prayer.
Blue is the words of the Gospel.
Red is the words of the Holy Fathers from the Canon.
This explains interpretation of the canon of the Holy Fathers.
Black is commentary by Aleksandr Kharon.
 

??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????, ??????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????, ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????, ???????????? ???? ? ???? ?????????.                                         

 
Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on us and save us from evil, by prayer of the Mary-Theotokos, and your Saints, in iconography glorify Your Holy Image, and for prayer my spiritual father abbot Andrew, please bless our holy duty here for Your glory, Common-Nature of the God in the Trinity.
 
Note: ?????????? means consubstantial, or "_Of the same kind or nature _or substance", and is translated as Common-Nature, and ???????, literally "the Three-Persons", is the Trinity.
 
? ?????? ???? ???, ? ????? ???? ? ????, ? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ? ?????? ? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????. ? ??? ???? ?????, ? ????? ???? ???? ?????????. ? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ( ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ????? 1, 1-5. )                                                                                             
??? ???? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ? ???. ( ????? 1, 9. )                                                                  
? ????? ????? ????, ? ??????? ? ????, ?????? ????????? ? ??; ? ?? ?????? ????? ???,?, ??? ???????????? ?? ????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????; ??????????? ???, ????? ? ????? ?????, ?? ????.  ( ??? 1, 14 ? 18. )                                   
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. This One was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through Him, and without Him not even one thing being that hath come to be.  In Him was life; and the Life was the light of men. And the Light shineth in the darkness, and the darkness overcame it not Him. (John 1:1-5)                                                         That was the true Light, which giveth light to every man coming into the world. (John 1:9)                                                                                                                     And the Word became flesh, and tabernacled among us, and we beheld His glory, the glory as of an Only-begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth. (John 1:14)                                                                                                                        No one hath seen God at any time. The Only-begotten Son, Who is in the bosom of the Father, that One declared Him. (John 1:18)
?????????-?? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ???????????? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????????, ?????? ???? ????, ???????, ????????.  ? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ????? (?? ??? ?????? ?????? ), ?????????? ? ????????????? (?? ??????? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ).  ????????? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ? ????????? ????, ? ???????, ???????? ? ???????? ???????????? ????????.
 
 Iconography reveals the love of God for humanity. Because the Son of God in creation became human, and can be seen by everyone, can be touched, and we can write about Him. And, from the Son of God's creation, we take God's blessing when we make images of holy history, the Old Testament and the New Testament.  All of the philosophers of the world don't understand how this happened, how the Son of God (One bosom from the Holy Trinity), became human (not as an intercessor, not as an angel, but Himself the Lord in creation).  The One Common-Nature of the Father and Holy Spirit become one with another from the God nature: with the creation, with the ending, with the death human nature.
 
?????????(One-common-nature) c ( with) (Father) ? (and) (Spirit) (become) (one) ? (with) ????? ((adj. For God)    another nature)  (God), ? (with) ??? (the god creator become the creation), ???? ( ending-termination)  ? (and)  ???? (death) ???????? (human) ?????? (nature).
 
??, ????????? ?????????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ? ????? ???? ????????????? ( ????? ?????? ) ??????????.
 
Yes, the old Greek metaphysical geniuses, after a long sickness, knock on the door of the secret Christianly (God given) revelation.
 
???????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????(I- ?????????? 325 ??,  ? II- ???????????????????? 381?? ????) ?????????? ???????.
??????????????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ???????
(??????? ? ??????????? ????????) ?????? ?????????? ?????-?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????.
??????? ??????? ??????????????, ?? ????? ????? ????????????? ? 370-? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ???? ?????????.  ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????.
 
Doctrine of the Holy Trinity of Christian faith was composed by the orthodox holy fathers who participated in the the I ecumenical councils of Nicaea in 325 A.D., and II Constantinople 381 A.D..  Alexandrian theological school, led by Patriarch Aleksandr of Alexandria and archdeacon Afanasiy the Great (he became Patriarch after the death of Aleksandr), strongly defended the united essence of the nature of the Son of God  the consubstantiation, same nature, of the father.
Basil the Great, writing theology as the head of the Kappadocian fathers, in 370 A.D., composed the pure basic doctrine of the universal orthodox Christian belief about the relationship of the unity of the Godly nature and the three persons of the Trinity: This was the differentiation of the persons in the Holy Trinity and the consubstantiation, or same nature, of the Godly nature.
 
,,???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ? ?? ?? ??????,   ?? ???????, ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ????." ???? (????) ???? ?? ???????????? ? ????? ?? ???????.
,,??? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????."
 
"Father is the name of the Divine God, not by nature, and not by duty, but according to the relationship between the Father to Son or Son to Father."   Father (big) Son by participation and equality of nature.                             
"Son was born from the person of the Father and Spirit comes from the person of the Father."
 
???, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? - ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?????, ?? ????? ???????????? ???????: ?????????? ? ?????????.
 
Here, this is a very elegant explanation, and builds a brilliant philosophical explanation - the theological achievement not only of the Kappadocean school, but of all Christianity united: east and west.
 
?????? ???????? - ???????????????? ????-?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? 
 IV-?  ???????????? ?????????? ??????.
 
The second basic Christian doctrine-oros was developed by holy fathers of the Christian Church, and established by Holy Spirit, on the IV-fourth  Ecumenical Council in the Khalkidon.
 
????????????? ?????? ??? IV- ??????????? ?????? 451-?? ??   ? ????????? ??????, ??? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????, ??????????????? ??? ??????? ???????: ???????????? ? ????????????, ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????,????-???, ???????????, ???????????.
 
Decision of the Holy Father's IV Ecumenical Council in 451-A.D. in Khalkidon announce that in One Jesus Christ, Son of God two solid nature cooperate: Divine and human which mystery exist not-mixed, inseparably, indivisibly, inconvertibly.
 
?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????   ???????? ? ??????????? - ???? ????? ???????????????.
??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???, ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ? ????????????? ????-???. 
Worship to the image of human nature of the Lord Jesus Christ ascent to Prototype - Son of God who was incarnated. Therefore iconography from the earliest time was named in Russia holy work and iconographer was named theologian, in the people called God-painter.
 
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????-???? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ???? ???? ?????.
?? VII ?????????? ?????? ? 787? ????,? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????, ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????. ( ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?????).
 
So far as iconographer portrays human nature of Jesus Christ to that extent he catches grace to portray God nature which is consubstantial to Father, Son of God.  On VII Ecumenical Council in 787 year in Nikea was recollected and established glorification of Holy icons but iconoclasm was omitted to anaphema-not with as. (As one of the manifestation of mono-physic heresy.)
 
??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????.
Church established celebration of icons-worship in the "Celebration of the Holy Orthodoxy," in the first Sunday of the Great feast.
 
???????????? - ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ( ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????????-? ?????), ???? ? ??????? ????????, ????? ? ??????, ???? ? ???.              
? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????: c, ??????????, ???????????, ???????, ????, ????, ??????? ????????? ??? (???? ????? ????????? ), ? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ( ????  ??? ??????? ).                                                                                          
??? ??????: ,,???" - ????????????? ??????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????, "???" - ?? ???????? ?????, ????????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???? ?????.  
???????? (?? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??) ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? (???? ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ???), ? "????" ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????.
 
Iconography is theology in painting (written by John of Damask in two letters for protection from iconoclasmical heresy), window to the Kingdom, door to the highest, key to the paradise. In the icon everything is mystical symbolic: subject, composition, perspective drawing, color, light, process of painting cloth, (not sein, face (everything must be done before the face)) of course holy faces and all of the body skin part.
For example: "Sankir" - symbol of mystery of unknown God nature, "Sarka" - in Greek is flesh symbol of incarnation Son of God.        
Vokhrenie is symbol of the Tabor Divine Light (teaching of Gregory Palamas about Tabor light), and "Ozivky" symbol of Resurrection represent of mystery of Holy Spirit.
 
??? ???????? ????????? ???, ??????????? ? ??????? ???????- ?????????????-??????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????????.
 
All processes of painting icons belong to personal spirit, artistic, aesthetical knowledge and skill of the iconographer.
 
??????: ????????? "??" ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ? ???????. ???????? ?? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? -"?????" ?????, ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????.                 
 
For example: laying of "Bolus" makes Sankir, warm and sweet*.*  Deonisian from  Forna  in his writing about iconography "Erminia" writings, what layer (bolus) on top of sankir makes him sweet.
 
?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????? ???. ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????????, ??????????? ? ??????? ?????, ? ????????? ????? ???????-?????.            
?????? ???? ?? ????????? ? ??????????, ? ????????? ? ?????.
 
Plavka helps transform from dark-green-sankir to warm flesh-sarka. Each process of painting icon should be active from inside drawing and blend to contour line.  Every layer is not to be mixed with the previous layer, instead it is to be placed on top of the previous layer after the previous layer is dried. In some places, the icon may need 15 layers, and because of this there will be a noticeable relief, or 3 dimensional contour, to features of the icon, such as the fingers, the nose, and around the eyes.
 
? ???, ? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ???.
? ?????? ????, ???? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????. ? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? - ?????????? ???? ?????, ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ???.  ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????.                                                                                                       
 
So in iconography, we use our creative experience of all humanity for glorification in Trinity of One God and all His saints.  In the Old Testament on Mount Sinai to the great prophet Moses, God open His Son, God of Word, then by his Son in Burning Bush, but not burned to the end, and gave the Ten Commandments on two stones. (And the Lord God Holy Spirit become the fire ten commandments on the stone tablets.) Then God commanded Moses to build the Ark of the Covenant, to hold the image of his Holy Word. God give all the dimensions and detailed instructions about the decorations for the ark, the special materials, and Moses created it according to the word of God. Moses did everything that he was commanded by the One in the Three Persons (Ipostacy), Trinity God.                                                                             So, iconographer must do icons from his love of the Lord God Jesus Christ, and have a great respect of the Old and New Testaments in the interpretation of the holy fathers.
 
                       ???         ??? .  ????? .

         GLORY TO  GOD  FOR  EVRYTHING.  AMEN.

?????????? ??????? 2003 ???.      ?????????? ????????? ?????.

Easter-Passover Saturday 2003 y.        Iconographer Aleksandr Kharon,
 

  
????????   ??????   ????.
 
??? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?????????.  
??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ???- ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????.
        ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ??? ? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????.
         ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????????.
????????? ??????? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????.
? ????? ?????????????? - ????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????.
? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ? ????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? - ,,person non grata."
??? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????, ???? ????? ? ??????, ???? ???????? ??????.
????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????, ?? ? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???????????? ???????. 
        ? ??????, ????? ? ????? ?????? ? 1989 ???? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ? ?????????? ??????.
        ????????????? ???????? ???????????, ????????, ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ????????.
        ????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? II-??. ?????, ????????? ? ?????? - ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ???????????? ? ??????? ??????.
??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? 15-?? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????.
        ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? 20-?? ????, ?? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????.
????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ????? ? ???. ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????, ????????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????????????  ?????? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???, ?????????????? ????? ?????.
        ????, ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????, ?? ???? ????????: ?????????, ????????, ??????????? ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????.
?????? ???, ? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????.
            ????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????.
? ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ?????? ? 1967-??, ????? ??? ???? ?? 15- ???, ? ?? ???????????.
? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????, ? ? ? ??????????; ? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????.
?? ???? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? - ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ????.
? ?????????, ????? ? ???????????? ? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????, ???? ??????; ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????????.
????????????? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ? ? ?????? ???????????? ? ??, ? ???????-???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ????:   ,, ?????! ?? ????????! ?? ?????! ????? ????????!  ??????????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????.
?????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????????, ? ? ? ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ??????????????, ??????????????? ? ???????????.
? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????. ? ?????, ? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????, ? ? ??????? ??? ??????????????. ???? ? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????.
        ? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????, ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ???? ? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????????.
        ???? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?????????????? - ??? ?????????? ???????????.
???????? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ??? ??????????? ,,???" ? ??????? ?? ????????, ??? ?????? ??????????.
????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????.
?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ????????, ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???????.
????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????????????.
? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????.
?????????? ???????? ? ??, ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? - ?????? ?????? ?????????.
        ??????????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????.
? ???????? - ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ???? ??????, ? ?????????? ???????????????? ? ?????? ??????.
???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ? ????????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?????????, ????? ???????.
        ????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????? ? ????????? ,,kissed by the God"- ?????????????? ??????.
?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ????, ? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?????????.
???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ???????.      
???????? - ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? - ??????? ????????? ?????.
        ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ,,performans neo geo..," ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????????? ? ??????????, ?????? ? ??????????? - ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????????.
       
???????????? ????? ????. ?????. 1997? ???.
???????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ? 2008-? ????.
??????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? 1998 -? ????, ??? - ???????, ??????????, ??????????? ????? ???????.
                                                                                            

Secret from two words - This is an article about paradise, the kingdom of heaven, and our cosmos.
 
??????? ???? ?????
????? ???????, ??? ????????, ?????? ??? ???, ? ??? XIX ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ????, ???????????? ?? ??????.         ????.  
 
???????.
"??? ???? - ???????? ???????? ???? ??????. - ???? ???, ?????? ??, ??????, ??? ????? ??????; ?????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ?????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ???, ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????????, ?? ?????????? ? ???, ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????????, ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????????? ? ??? ????????????????, ????? ??????????? ?????, ?????, ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????????? ?????, ?????????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ???, ? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????; ????????, ???????, ??? ????? ??????????, ? ????? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ???????, ? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???, ??? ? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ???????: ??? ?? ?? ???????????, ? ??? ????????? ????-, ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????".
 
? ????????.
??????? ?????????????? ????????: - ????????? ? ??????; - ???????? ? ??????; - ???????? ? ???????.
???????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ????????????: - ????????; - ????????;- ????????. ?? ??????? ???????????.
?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????: - ??????, ?????, ?????????, ???????? ???, ??????, ??????????, ?????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????????
????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????,-????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ? ?????? ?????, ? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????.
          ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ? 50-? - 70-? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?? ???????????? ??????????: ,,???????? ?????",  ,,????? ?????". ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ???????. «???????????? ? ????, ? ???? ????????? ???????». ? ??????? ????????.
??????? ?????? ????: ,,??? ???? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????".
          ????????? ??????? ? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????: ?? ??????????????, ??????????, ????????????? ????? - ? ?????????????? ?? ? ?????????????? ?????.
 
 
? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????.
???? ??, ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ????, ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????.
?????? ?????????? ??, ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????, ???????? ?? ?????????? - ???????????? ? ?????????.
????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????.
???????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ??????.
????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????.
???????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? - ?????? ????????? ???? ???. ????????????????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?????.
?? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ??? ????????, ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? - ???????? ? ??????.
          ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????, ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? - ???????? ??????????, ????????, ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????.
???????? ???????????? ??????????. ???????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????.
          ?????????? - ???????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????, ??????, ?? ? ???????????? ????? ???????.
? ?????? ?? ??? ????? - ??? ????? ?????? ??????? - ??????????? ??? ??????.
?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????.
          ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????.
?????????? - ??? ?????????????, ????? ????????? ??????????, ? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????.
?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????, ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????, ??? ????????, ?????? ??????. ????? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? - ?????? ???????????? ????????!
??????: ????????? ??????? ??? ???? «????????? ???????? ??», - ? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ? ??? - ??????????, ? ????????, ????? ??? ???? 15- ??? ? ? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????.
? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??. ??? ,,"???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ?? ??????.
  ??? ????? - «??????? ??????». ?????????? ? ???????, ? ?????? 90-? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??? - ????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????????? ? ? ???????? ????????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????. ?? ????????? ???? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ? 1980-?? ???? ? ???, ? ??? - ????.
???????????? ? ????????? ?, ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????, ? ?????? ???????, ???????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ,,????? ??????"- ???????? ??? ?????? ? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ???. ?????? ???????? ??????: ,,???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????????????!"            
? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????. ?? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????.
? ??????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
????? ???????? ??? ????, ? ?????? ? ????????????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.
«??????? ?? ??» ????? ??????? - ??????????, ????????????? ? ???????????? ??????????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????, ? ???????? ???????????, ????????-??????.
??? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? - ??????? ???????? - ??????????.
????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????.
? ??????, ? ?????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ? ???.
          ? ???????, ? ?????? ?? ???????, ??????, ??????? ? ???.
          ? ??????, ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????.
          ? ???????, ? ??????????, ? ??? - ????????? ???????? ? ?????.
 

Artist talk with businessman - This is an article about the value of culture, Christian or European. The businessman says that his time is very valuable. We don't disagree, but how valuable is the time of the artist, who also has to seek an advanced education about history and culture, in addition to artistic techniques?
 
          ???????? ????????? ? ???????????.
          ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??? ???, ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???. ??????? ? ?????, ??? ????????? ????? ? ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????????: ,,?????! ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ? ???? ??????, ??? ? «?? ??? ???» (?????? ????????)."
???????? ?????: «? ??????? ????? «???» ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ??? ?????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????».
          ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????: ??, ????? - ?????, ? ?????. ??????, ??? ???????!
 
 
(In this conversation of Pushkin, he talks to the businessman who sells the books, and the poet who create the books. The business man just wants to sell the books and wants production, and profit, but poet says how can you put value on my talent and God's spirit that He uses to give me my talent and ideas for writing?)
 
?.?. ?????? «???????? ????????????? ? ??????»
? ??????, ????????? ???????
???? ????? ??? ?????;
? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????;
? ??????? ???????? ?????????
??? ????????? ?????
? ??????? ?????? ??????????.
? ???????? ???????? ???
??? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????,
??? ?????? ????? ?????,
??? ????? ???? ??? ??????,

 
Taracenko - Very talented writer, with a good aesthetic sense, was also an engineer for military tanks. Here he writes about art, and style, and how it comes from past generations, or culture. He talks about how the organization of being a mathematician and scientist helps him create art in a very logical way.
 
?????????? ? ????????? ???????? (???????????????? ?????????). ?. ?. ?????????.
?? ?. ?????. «???» ? «???» ?????.
???????????? ??????? «??????? ???????? ??» ? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ?? ????????? ?? ?????? «?????? ?????» ?.?. ?????, ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ????????, ??? ????????, ???????????? ? ???????????? «???? ?????», ?. ?. ????????????? ????? ? ???? ???? ????????????????. ????? ???????, «????????????? ???????? ? ?????????, ???????, ????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????, ???? ???????????? ???????» ⁶. ?????? ?.?. ? ??????????? ????????????????? // ????????1974. ?????????????????????? ????????????. - ?.: ?????, 1975. - ?. 211.
          ? ????? ?.?. ???????? «???????? ???????» ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????? (XIV-XVII .) - ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????????, ??? ? ?????? «???????» ????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????⁷. ??????? ?.?. ???????? ?????????: ? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????. -?. ????????????, 1999.-520 ?.,16?.:.??.
????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?.?. ?????-????? «??????? ???????? ??» ??????? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ????????????? ????????????, ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????????????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ??????, ??????? ? ???????? «????? ???????? ??», ? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????. ??? «???????» ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??? ? ?????????? ?????????????.
         

What does culture mean? It means worship of God, coming from two Russian words meaning "worship", and "for God". How art can be pure and solid. How are needs to be organized like the cosmos. In Greek language, "cosmos" means beautiful.
 
          ???????? - ?????????? ????. 
          ?????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????????.
? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
          ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ? ??????????, ??? ?? ???????? ????????????????? ? ????????? ???????????????. ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ??????????, ????????????? ? ???????.
          ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????, ???? ???? ???????????, ?? ?? ????????.   
          ?????????? ?????? ???, ??? ????????? ?????, ????????, ? ? ?????????? ???????????, ???????????????? ? ??????????????.
 
        ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ????.
          ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???. ? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? - ???????.
          ? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????????, ? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????, ?? ??????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ??? ??? ????????.
                                                          ?? ????? ? ??????????? ???????.

Return to Holy Byzantium - from icons we go to portrait, and from portraits back to icons. This returns to wisdom that was lost in the past generations. Why is Byzantine culture important for civilization?
 
??????????? ? ?????? ????????.
?? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ?????.

?????????? ???????? - ??????????? ??????????? ??????

? ?????? ???? ???, ? ????? ???? ? ????, ? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ? ?????? ? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????. ? ??? ???? ?????, ? ????? ???? ???? ?????????. ? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ( ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ????? 1, 1-5. )
??? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ? ??? (??? 1, 9). ? ????? ????? ????, ? ??????? ? ????, ?????? ????????? ? ??; ? ?? ?????? ????? ???,???, ??? ???????????? ?? ????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????; ??????????? ???, ????? ? ????? ?????, ?? ????.  ( ????? 1, 14 ? 18. ).
????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???, ????????, ? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? (????????) ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????.
???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? - ??????? ???????????? ??????.

 
Old Russian Tradition About Christianity Orthodoxy and Iconography
 
???????? ??????? ?? ??????????
????????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????????? «???» ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? XX ????, ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????. ????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ????????: ,,? ????? ???? ?????? - ???????????? ????, ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????". ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?. ??????: «? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ??? ??????????, ???? ??????? ????? ? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????????, ?? ? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??????????????, ? ??????????? ???????????????»¹.????? ?. ???? ???? ????//?????.1914, ? 5.?.26.

 
Facial contrasts between ecclesiastic art and old paganistic art - How does the drawing of the face contrast between religious church and the art found in Egyptians tombs, for example. In Greek and Egyptian culture the focus on the faces of the dead, and their fear of death. In Christian art, we are no longer afraid because Christ rose from the dead, and can bestow life, so the art of the face no longer is based on fear. This is a new cosmos, and new standard of beauty.
 
?????????????? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ?????.
?????????? - «??? ????? ????...» ? ????????? - ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????.
????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????. ?????????. ???? ???? ????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ( ???? ?????).
????????? ????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????????, ?? ????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????, ? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????.
??? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ????????????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????.
??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????.
??, ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??????????.

 
 
From the Hellenistic culture to the Holy Byzantium - How Hellenistic culture became the basis for Christian culture.
 

???? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ????????.

?????? ?.?. ?? ????????? ?????????.
???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ???, ??????? ? ??????????? (? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????), ??????? ??????????? ??????? - ??????? ????????? ??????: ??????????????????, ???????????, ?????????? - ?????????, ?????????? ????. ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
 
????????? - ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????????.
???????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????. (. ? ??????)
 
??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ? ??????????????? ?????????.
?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???, ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????, ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ? ?????????? ????.
?? ????????????? ???? ????, ? ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???????????? ?????? - ????????? ??? ????? ???????.
??? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ??????, - ???? ????? ????? ? ???????.
        ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????.
        ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???????????, ?????????, ? ??????? ?? ?? ??????????????? ?????????.
        ???? ????????? ? ???? ????????????? ????????????
???????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????.
??????? ??????? ????????, ? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ? ?? ???????, ???????????? ????? ??? ????????????, ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????, ? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ???????????.
????? ? ? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???: ?????? ???????, ????????????? ?????????? - ?????????? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ? ????????? ??? ????????? - ??????????????? ???? ,,?????????? ??," ?????????? ???, ??? ? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? -???????? ????. ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????.
?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????? - ? ?????? ???????????? ????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????.                                    
????? ? ????? ???????????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????? - ???????? ??????.                                 
???????? ??????? ?? ????? - ?????? ? ???????: ??????, ?????, ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????, ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????: ???????, ???????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????.
??????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ? ??????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???.
? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????: ?????????, ??????, ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????  ?????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????.       
      

?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ???????????. ?????.               

                                                 
??? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????:- ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ? ??????? ???? ?????????, ? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????, ? ????? ?????? ? ???????.
?????.
????? ???? ?? ???. ?????.
 
9. 12. 1991-?? ????.
????? ??????? ???????? - ???????? ??????? ?????.
????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ????.
????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?. ?????????.
 

 
Two different methods of visual art - One method is
icons, and another method is painting. The first method of icons represents the Holy Spirit and the kingdom of heaven. Paintings, on the other hand, represent the materialistic view of the cosmos.
 
?????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????.
Orthodox Theology and History of The Origin of Iconography
?????????? ????? - ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????   ???????? ? ??????????? - ???? ????? ???????????????.
???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? (? ????????????? ?????????).
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ???????????? ???? ???? ?????. (. ? ??????)
???? ? ??????. ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????????.
????? ???????? ?????? - ????????? ????????.
?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????.
1 ???? - ???????????, 2 ???? - ??????????: ??????????? ??????? ????, ??????, ?????, ?????????? ????, ?????, ?????, ???????????? ? ???????? ?????.
?????????? - ???????????????, ??????????????????. ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ???????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????. ??????????, ???????? ?????? ???? ????????, ??????????, ?? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???? ? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ? ??????? ????????.
?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????, ??????????? ???????, ???????? ????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????, ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????.
? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????????, ?????, ????????????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???? - ????????? ?? ?????????. ??????? ???, ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????????, ?? ????, ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????.
? ?????? ???????? ??????? - ????????.
???????????? ?????????? (1475-1564) ? ?????????? «?????????? ?????» (1508-1512) ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ? ????????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.
«? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????, ? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????, ? ???? ??????? ????? ?????» (?. ??. 2, ??. 7).
???????? ? ??????? «??????????? ??????» ??? «??????? ?? ??» (1316-1321) ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???????????????. ?? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???, ? ? ???? ? ???? ????????????? ???????????.
? ???????, ???????? ? ???????? - ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???????. 
?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????. ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????????-???????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????, ??????? ???? ???????, ? ?????? - ?????, ?????? ????????. ? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.
??????????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? - ?????????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?????: ??????, ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??????, ????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????.
? ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????, ?????? ? ???????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ????????, ??????, ????????, ?????, ?????, ?????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ????????????.
? ????? ?  ????? ????? ????????????, ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ?? ????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????, ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ? ???????????? ? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????, ????????? ?? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ? ?????????? ???????.
??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????.
??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????.
? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? - ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ???????????? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????.
???? ? ?????
?????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????: ?????????? ? ????????. ???????? ?????????, ???????? ????????????, ???????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ????. ??????????, ????????, ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????.
???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ?? ? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????. 
??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? ????, ? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? - ????????????? ???? ? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ??????????.
????????? - ?????, ????????????, ???????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ???? ? ?????? ? ??? ??? ????? - ????????? ????? ???????? ????????.
?? ???????? ?????? - ???????????? ???. ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ? ???????????? ?????????????? - ??????? ??? - ???????, ????????. ???????? - ?????????? ????? ? ????.              ?. ?????? - ???????????? ???????? - ???????? ???????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ????. ??????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ????????????, ???????????????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ????? - ????????.
? ????????? ?????????? ??????????.
?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ??????, ? ?? ??? ????????, ???????, ?????. ?????? - ???????????? ????????, ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????.
? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???, ?? ?????? ????? ?.?.???????? - "?? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????????? ????". ??? ?????????? ?? ? ??????, ? ? ???????, "? ??????? ??????????????? ?????"⁴⁰. ????????? ?. ??? ???? ? ????????????? ?????????. - ?., 1916. - ?. 9.
??????? ? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??????.
? ??????????
???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????: ?????????????, ????????????? ?, ????? ???????, ????????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??????????.
?????? ?????, ???????? ? ??? ?????????? ? ??? ?????????-??????? ????????? ????????????.
          ??????????. ??? ????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ... ????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????. ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????????, ???? ????? ??????. ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???????. ????? - ??????. ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ????????? - ????????, ? ?????????? ??????? ? ???? - ??????.
?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? - ??? ? ???? ???????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????.
?????????? - ??????????????. ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????????.
          ????????????? ???? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ? ???????.
???????????? ?????????? ? ?????? - ??????.
????? - ???????????? ???????? - ???????????? ??????????????. ???????????? ? ?????????????? ???????? - ????????. ????? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????. ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????????? ? ?????????. ?? ??????????????, ????????????? ??????. ????? - ?????? ????? ?????????, ? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????.
          ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. «?????????? ???, - ????? ?.?. ????????, - ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????????, ??, ????? ???? ?? ?????????? <...> ??? ??????? ?? ??????????, ????????? ? ???? ????????. ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????»¹. ?????????? ?.?. ?????????. ???????????? ?????. ??. IX. - 1972. - ?. 109.
??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?.?. ???-???, ???????? ?????????????? ????????????, «???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????????????? ????????, - ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ? ???? ? ??????. ? ??? ?? ???? - ? ?? ????????, ? ?? ???? ??????????, ? ???? ???????, ? ??????? ??? ????????????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ??????? - ?? ?????? ??????????, ??????????, ???????????, ???? ???????????? ? ??????»².
 
 
 
????? ???. ????? ? ???????.
???????? ???? ???????? ???????.
?????? ?? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ??. ????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??????????, ??????? - ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ????????????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????. ?? ??????????? ??????????, ????????????? ???? ???????, ??????, ? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????. ????????????? ? 1937? ???? ?. ?????? ? 1910-? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????????.

??????????.

?????? «?? ?????» ? «???? ??????».

???? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????.
?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? 20-?? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??-????? ?????????? (????????????) ?????.
????????????? ???????? - ??? ??? ???????? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ????. ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? - ????? ?? ????? ????????.
?????????????? ? ???????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ????? ????????????, - ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????. ??????? ???? ? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ????????????.
????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? - ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????.
«?? ? ????, ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ????????». ??? ?? ???????, ? ??, ??? ?????????? ? ????, ? 1917-53 ????,- ???????? ??????.
??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????? ???? - ??????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????.

???? ??????.                                                                

??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? «??????? ???????? ??» ?????, ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? (?????? ????) ? «?? ? ???????» (??????????? ??????). ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????????.
? ????? ?????? «??? ? ?????????? ???????» ?.?. ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????????. ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????????, ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????????. ?????? ??????????? ? ???, ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????. ?, ????, ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????. ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? (??????, ????????, ????? ? ????.), ????? ??? ?????????? - ? ??????? ????. ?????: ????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????? ? ???, ????? ??? ??????-???? - ? ?????? ? ????????, ?????, ??????????.
???????? ???????? ???-?????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???????????? ? ????????? «??? ? ???????». ?? ?????????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????. ?????????, ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? « ???????????» ? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????. ????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????¹⁷. Bell H. Byzantinisches Christentum. Munchen-Leipzig, 1923. - P. 54.
?????????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?.?. ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ???. ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? «????? ???????? ??», ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????. ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????. ???????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ??? «????? ???????? ????» ???? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? 1910-? ?????¹⁸.
??? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ??? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ???????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????.
 
?????????????? ????.
? ???????? - ??????????? ??????? ? ??????????.
?????? ??????? ??????????.
??? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ? ???? ??????????: ????, ??????? ? ???????????. ? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????: ?????, ???, ?????. ????????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????, ????????. ????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????. ???? ????????? ????? ?????????, ?????????, ?? ???????????? - ????? ???????. ????????? ???????? - ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ????. ????? - ??? ????, ????????, ????????, ????????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????????. ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? - ??? ???.
?????????? - ? ???? ???????? ????????????.
??? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???- ??? ? ?????- ????. ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? (????? ??????????). ??? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ?????????.
??????????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????????. ??? ????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????????????.
???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????.
???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????????: ?????? ?????????, ??? ?? ??????? ???? ? ????, ??????? ?????, ?????????? ????, ?????? ????? ? ????, ????? ???????, ???????? ?????. ??????????????? ? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ????????????? ??????????, - ????? ???????????? ??????????.
?????? ? ?????. «???? ?????» ? «???? ??? ?????». ???????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????.
 
??? ??? ???? ????? «????????? ??????» ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????. 
????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ? ? ??????? ??????? ????????????.
????? - ???????? ??? ?? ???????? - ? ??????????.
?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ????????? ?????????? ????????, ?? ???????????????? ???????????.
????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? ????? ?. ?????????? - ? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????. ???????????? ??????. «??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ...». ???? ???????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ? ???? - ??? ????? ? ????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ????? - ?????????? ? ?????.

? ????????.

??????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????. ?? ???????????? ?????? ? ???????? - ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????. ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ? ????????????? ????????, ??????? ? ??? ???????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????.
??????? - ??? ????? ? ??????? ???????, ??????????? ??????.
? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ??????? ???. ???????, ???????, ??????, ???????????, ???????? - ??? ???????? ?????????, ???????????. ?? ?? ????????? ? ?????????. ????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ????? - ????????? ?? ? ???????????, ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????, ????????????. ????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ???????????????. ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????, ? ?? ?????? ???????????????.
??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ???????????? ???? ? ????????????? ????. ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ? ??????????? ???????.

Nikolai Trofimovil Goncharov

??????? ?????????? ????????.

?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? YMCA.

?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????.
?? ??????? ??? ???? ? ????????? ???. ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????.
???? ?????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ???, ??????? ?????.
?????? ????????, ??????? ? ?????????????, ?????????????? ???????.
??????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ??????.
???????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???? ???? ????? II- ? 1994-? ????, ? ??? - ?????????, ? ??????????, ? ?. ?. ?.
          ???????????, ??????????, ??????????. ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ????. ??????? ??? - ???? ??????????? ????, ????????????????. ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????? - ???? ????????????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ?.?. - ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????. ?????? - ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????. ????????. ??? ?? ???? ????????. ??????? ???, ??????? ?????????? - ??????????????? ? ??? ????. ? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ??????, ?????? ????? ... ?????????? ??????.
? ??? ??????? ? ??????. ????????, ????????????, ????????????.
?? ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ? ?????????? ???????.
          ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????. ????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????, ? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????, ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????.
?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????. ???????, ?????, ??????? ? ? ?????? ????????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????.
?? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????.
??? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????. ???????? ??? ?? ???, ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????!
? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????.

 
Portraits of Children - Why Alexandr Kharon enjoys doing portraits of children. They are more like angels in their clearness and purity. It is easier to create their portraits in a way similar to icons. In painting we only look at the beauty, and try to be better than the reality of everyday life. Children do not require a lot of touchup in order to achieve a portrait that shows their beauty. 

???????? ?????.

?? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??. 9, ???? 36, 37. (?. 977)
«????????? ? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ??????????? ? ???, ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????????.
?????? ??, ????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??: ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ? ?? ????????????? ??, ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????.
??????? ?????? ???: ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ? ????.
? ????? ??, ???????? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????????? ??».
                                                  ?? ????? ??. 10, ???? 13 - 16.
 
???? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????.
?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ???????, ???????, ??????, ??? ????? ??????, ? ??? ?????? - ??? ??????? ????????????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ? ??????????.
?????? ????????? ???? ???, ??????? ? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? - ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ???. ??? ????????? ??? ??????, ? ??? ?????. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ?????. ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ?????- ???????, ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?????????????????.
?.?. ???????? «??????? ?????? ????????. 1889-1890; « ??» («?????», «?? ??????», 1914-1916, ????????????? ???????).
 
          «??????? ????????» (1998) ??? ???????? ? ??? ?????.
??? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ?? ?????. ???????? ?? ????. ????????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.
??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????. ???????????? ????? ??????, ? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????. ????? ???????????? ????? - ??????????: ,,?????????? ???? ???????????." ??????? ???????? ??????? ??. ???? ? ?????? ????? ? ???. ??? ???????????? ?????, ?? ???????? ? ??? ?? ????????? ? ??????????.
?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ? ?-???????, ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ? ??????????????? ?????????.
          ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ? 2000-? ???? ? ???? ????? ?-?????, ???????? ? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????: ,,?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????".
???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????.
          «??????? ???» (2008). ????? ?? ??????????? 18- ???.
??? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????. ???????, ????? ???????? ????-??????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???????, ???????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ????????

«??????? ?????» (1997).???? ?? ???????. ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? - ????? ??????.
         
???????? ???????? ? ?????
????? - ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????.
?{*}?????? - ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????, ?????????, ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????? - ?????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ¾.*
????? - ??????, ?????? ? ????, ????? ??? ???????? ????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????, ?????????, ?????????????????.
????? ????? ???? -????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????.

Size of the head - why artists like big size for the head. Artists look more at the spirit, which is bigger than the body, with a simplicity that is different than the smallness of portraiture and its focus on detail.
 

??????? ??????.

?? ???? ??????????? ?????? «???????? ??», «?? - ?????? ???», «?? ?» ?? ????????? ?.?. ???????-????? «?????????», «???? ???», «?? ????????» ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ? ????????????????.
??????? ??????????? - ? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ? ????????????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????: ??? ????????? - ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????. ? ????? ???? ???????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????????, ? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????. ? ??????? ??????? (4, 6) ?????????? ??????????? ??? - ??????, ???????????? ???????, ??????? ? ?????? - ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ( ??? ??????). ???????? - ??? ?????????? ???. ?????? ??? ???????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????) ? ???????????? ????????????, ??? ?? ??????????? ? ???????????? - ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ? ??????????. ????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????. ?? ???????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ? ???????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? (????? ???) ? ?????????????? ????????? ????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????, ? ?????? ????????, ??? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???????????? - ????????????. ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? (1037).
???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ? ???????????.
????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????????????????? ????????, ??????, ??????.
?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ? ????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????.
?????????? ?????????? ???? ? ???. ??????? ? ??????? ? ???? ???.
?????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??????????????, ?? ???? ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ? ??????????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????????.
?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ... ???????, ???????? ? ?????, ???????? ???? ? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????, ?? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ??????. ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????.
????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? - ??? ??? ???????? ????????????, ??? ? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????.
???????? ?????????? ?????????????, ????????? ? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ???. ???? ?? ???????? - ? ??????.
???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????, ????????? ? ??????? ??????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????????
????????? ??????. ?? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????.

 
Avant-garde artists and their following
 

?? "???????????" ?????????? ? ?? ??????????????.

?????? ????????? "????????????" ?? ???????? ??????????? ? ?? ?????? ??????, ? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ? ????????.
??? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ????, ? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ????????, ? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.
?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ???? ??? ?????????: «? ??? ????!». ?????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????????, ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? «???????», «?????????». ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????.
         
«???????? ????????». ??????? ??????? ????.
???????, ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
 ??????? ???? ? ???. ??????? «????? ????» ?????? ?????.
??????? «??????? ?? ????». ????????????? ??? ??????. ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ? ????? ????? - ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? - ????. ???? - ???????????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ???????? ????. ???? - ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????. ? ????? ???? ????? - ??????. ??? ?????? ????????? ????.
????????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? - ???? ????????.
          ???????????? - ???????? ?? ????? - ????????. ?????????? ???????. ???????? - ?? ?? ????????, ??????? ???????.
???? ??? ????????? ??. ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? - ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ???? ???? - ???????? ????????? «??????». ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????, ? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ...
??????? ???? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????????!
??????? ??????? - ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ?? ? ???????? ?????????. ??????? - ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????: «? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ????? - ??? ??? ?????????».
???????? ?????????????. ??? ?? ??????? ? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ????, ??????????? ? ???? ??????. ??????????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????. ??? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.
?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????, ? ??????? ????? ? ?????.
?-???????????? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ???????.
????-???? ?????, ??? ???????? - ????? ????????????.                       ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????. ??? ????? ...
??????? ????????? ?????? ?. ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ? ??????????. ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????: ???????, ?????, ????, ????? ???, ??????, ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????????. ??? ??????????? ? ???, ??? ????? ? ???????? ???????  ?? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???????.
????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????????.
???? ? ??????? «??????? ? ????????? ???????» ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????, ???? ? ????????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????, ?? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????.
?????. ???????????? ???????? ? ???????. ????????? ? ?????.
????? ? ?????????. ?? ?????????????? ??????.
???????????? ???????? ? ?????. ?????? - ????, ????, ?????, ?????, ??????. ???? ??????????-??????? ??? ???? ???????. ? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ?? ???????? ??????????????? ????????.
???????? ????????-???????? ????????.
????? ???: ???????? ????????. ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????. ?????????? - ????, ??????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ?? ??????????.
???????? ???????????????? ?.?. ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????? «??????? ??????» ?. ?????? ? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? «?????? ???» (« ?????»). ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????. ? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? - ???????????. ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????.
? ?. ?.?. ????? «?????? ???» (« ?????») (??? 1960 ?.)
?. ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? (1975).
 

 
How three dimensions of reality are translated to the two dimensions of a painting. Pavel Florenski says for iconography and art symbolism it is very important to understand how to create in two dimensions without perspective, because it is new symbolism of vision. In iconography, the artist does not imitate, or make illusion, but instead relies on symbolism. God created three dimensions, but the iconographer creates symbolism in two dimensions.
 

???????????????  ???????????? ?????????.

? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ? ??????????? ??? ? ??????????? ???? ??????? ? ????????⁹. ????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ? ????????????? ????. ?? ????? ?.?. ???????????, «?? ?????????? - ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????????????? ???? ??????????, ? ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ... ????? ??????, ???? ????????? - ??????????? ????????????????. ?? ???????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????????; ?, ?????????????, ?????? ????????? - ???????????????? ????????????, ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????, ???????? ????»¹⁰. ?????????? ?.?. ?????? ?????????????????? ? ?????????????-????????????? ????????????? // ????? ??????????. ?????????. ????????? ????? ?? ?????????. ???., 1993. ?. 325
          ? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?.?. ?????-????? ????? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ???, ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? XV ?. ????????? ???????? ????????????????, ?????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ???????, ? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ? ??????.

???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????, ? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ????-?? ???????? ? ???????.

???????.

???????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????, ??? ?????????? ????????. ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ? ???????????? ???????, ???????????? ? «????? ???????? ??» ?????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ????. ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ? ????????????? ??????, ?.?. ??-???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????, ????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ? ?????????.
?.?. ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? - ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????, ??????? «??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ??. ????? ???? ???? ?????? - ?? ??????????? ? ???????». ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? [53, ?. 445-446]. ?.?. ??????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? «????????? ? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????» [1, ?. 157].
??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?.?. ????: «? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ???????????? ????» [127, ?. 411]. ? ???? ??????? «???????? ??», ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? [123]. ? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?.?. ????????? ? ?, ??? «???? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ????????????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ??????????? " ?????? ? ?????????", ?? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????? ? ????? ????????????» [257, ?.56]. ??????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? (? ??????? ?? ???????? "???????") ?????????? ??? ???????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????????, ?? ???? ? ????????????. ?????? ????? «????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????» [257, ?. 56].

???????

?????????? ????????, ?? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ?? ?????????? ?? ???, ? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???. ???? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
????? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ???? ????????????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? - ??? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?????????. ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????, ??????????????.
????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????????, ?????? ? ????? ???.

 
Alexandr writes on his opinion of the unity that is needed in Christianity. Orthodoxy, in its eastern spirit, focuses on "Christ is truly risen!" In the Western church, the important foundational dogma is the Nativity, or the birth of Jesus. Together they are like two sleeves of a single shirt, they should not be separated.  The church needs unity to survive against the new attacks of paganism, nationalism, fascism, and many other secular threats.
 
? ??????????? - ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???.
??????? ???????: «????? ??? ??????? ????????!
? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? - ???????? ????????.
???????? ???????? ?????? - ???????? ??????, ?????????, ???????? ?????????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ?????????, ??????????, ??????????, ??????? ?? ??????.
????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????. ?????? - ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????! ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ? ????????? ???. ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ????????, ???? ????????. ?????? ??????? ? ????.
? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????!
? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????.
???????? - ?????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????.
???????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ???????????? ???, ? ???? ???????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????.
????? ??????? ?????? «?????? ??? ???? ? ??????? ? ???????? ????????».
??? ? ???????, ???????? ? ???????.
 

 
Artistic spirit - Dear artist brothers, look carefully at what kind of spirit do you have inside? Does this spirit give you inspiration to create purity and goodness in your art?
 
???? ?????????. ?????? ???? ?? ?????                ????? ???????? - ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????
?????????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? - ??????????? - ????? ??? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ? ??????? ?????: ? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ? ????????? ??????.
?? ??????, ??? ??? ???????, ???????, ????????, ????????, ? ?????? ?????????, ?????????????, ??????????? - ???????.
????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???, ?????????? ???, ????????????? ?????????? ???????, ? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????- ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ????????????, ???????????, ????????????????.
????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????, ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????, ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????, ????, ???????? ?????, ? ??? ????? ? ???.
 «???????? - ?????? ?? ???? ?????» ? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???.
???? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????, ?? ????????? ? ??????????? ????.
? ?????? ??? - ??????????? ????????, ???????, ??????.
??????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???, ? ??? ???????? ????????????, ???????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ???.

 
Real art needs to be humble, with goodness and happiness. Paul Florenski talks about metaphysical wisdom and how it becomes real symbolism. When Jesus went to the transfiguration, the light caused the apostles to recognize Jesus as God, because the light gave them wisdom to recognize Jesus as the son of God.
 
 
????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????, ?????????, ??????.
??? ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ?????, ??? ????????,
??? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???????,
?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????,
??? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????.
                                                                    ?.???????
?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ? ????????? ??????. ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ? ????????, ??????????????? ?? ???????????? (? ??????, ???????, ??????????) ?????????. ???????? ?? ?? ???, ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? - ??????? «????? ??» ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????. ???????? ?. ??????-???? ??????? ?????????? «??????? ??????????», «??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????».
? ??? ?? ????? ? ??????, ? ??????????? ???? ? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????: "???????????? ????? ... ????????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? ????????, ? ? ??? ??????????, ????? ?? ?????????, ? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????, ? ?????? ??? ???? ????????????, ??? ????????? ? ???? ???? ? ??? ????????????"⁴⁷. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????.
??? ??? ?? ???????? "????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??????? -? ?????? ???????? ??????". ? ???? ?????? "??????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????, ?? ??? ? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????: ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???, ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????????"⁴⁸.
???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ????, ?????????????? ???????? ? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????????. ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ???????. ???????? ???????????? "?????" ?? ?????? ???????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ? ????, ??? ???????? ? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????????.

 
Iconography interview with Alexandr Kharon
 
???????. ???????? ? ???????????  ?????.

????????? ?????.

? ???????? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ???????????????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ???????????, ? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????.
? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????:
1. ???????????? ????, ????????? ?? ???? ??????;
2. ??????????, ????????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ?? ? ? ???????? - ??????, ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?????.
              ??????????? ???????? ?????.
???????, ??????, ?????, ??? ????, ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ? ? ???????? ???? ???? ? ???????, ???????????? ????????????? ??.
??????? ? ????????? ????? ???????????? (????????? ???) ? ????????? (???????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????????, ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????????????.
? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ??????.

Foundation of paintings
 

???????? ?????? ????????

???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????. (????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ??????????).
???????? - ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????.
??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????, ? ???? - ???????? ? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ???? ????????. ??????: ??? ??????????? ????????.
???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????????, ???? ??????, ? ???????? ?????????. ????? ? ??? ????????? ??????: ? ?????? ????????, ? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????.
??????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???. ??? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????, ? ??? ????????? - ?????????? ? ???? ? ?????, ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????????????, ????????? ???????, ? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????????.
 
? ???????.
???? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????? - ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ??? ??????. ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????, ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ?? ????.
? ?????.
????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????, ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????????????? ??? ???????? ?????.
???? ? ??? ?????????? ??????? ? ? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????????? ??.
???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ? ??? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????, ? ????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????.

 
Example of the highest level of academic scientists, Kapitsa - The Russian space program was based on strong and simple engines, but the American space program was based on complicated, delicate closed mechanisms. When there is a failure, the Russian equipment can be fixed, but a failure in the American systems could not be easily fixed, the scientists would complain that they systems were completely closed. Kapitsa looked at these issues and said all he needed was a big hammer to hit the engine three times, which fixed the engine, and the people were excited. All he asked for his efforts was $1 for hitting with the hammer, and $999,999 for knowing where to hit. Alexsandr was about 15 years old when he heard this story, 40 years ago, about 1970, when this happened at a Paris France exhibition. This is Alexandrs example of how the artist needs to work, using wisdom to know when and where to use the brush.
 
?????? ????????? ??????.
? ?????????? ????? ?????? - ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ? ????? ????????.

?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? - ???????? ? ??????. ? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???????, ? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ??? ??????????. ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?, ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????. ????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ? ??????????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? 3 ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ???????: ,, ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? $1 ??????, ? ?? ??, ??? ? ???? - ???? ??????? $999999 ????????."
???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? - ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????; ? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ?????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ?????? - ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ? ??????: «???????? ???????». ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? $100 000 ????????. ??, ???????? ???????! ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????.
 
??????????? ???? ? ??????????????? ?????????.
? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????, ?? ? ??????????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????, ? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????.
?????? ???: ????, ?????, ??????????, ???????, ????? ???????? (????? ?????), ? ????? ??? ???????? - ??????? (?-??????) ? «????? ?????????????» («hot touch») - ?????????? ?????.
??? ?????????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????.

 
All artists have similar terminology, it doesn't matter what century, school, or country.
 
????? ???????????? ?????????? - ?????????? ?????? ???? ? ?????????.
? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????, ??????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????, ??? ????????????? ???????: ??????????, ???????, ???????, ????????, ???????, ?????? ? ???????????, - ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? - 
???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????.
??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????????.

 
Artist collective is a symphony between masters - For monumental pieces of art, such as a church, or a city hall,  it is important for artists to work together. It is not possible to create these kinds of art privately. An example is the Vatican, which was created by a symphony of many great artists with different skill, from different schools, in different generations.
 
 
???????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????.
???????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????, ????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ???????-???, ??? ? ??? ??? ???????????????? ?.???, ?.?.??, ?.?.??????? ? ??., ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?? ????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????????.
????? ?????????????????????? ? ??????????????????? ??????? ( ?? ???????????? ?. ?. ?????????? )³⁷ ??????? ? ?????????? ?????-????? ? ??????? ???. ????? ??? ???????? ? "????? ???????? ????" ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????. ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????.
 
???? ????????????? ???? ??????????. ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????. ????????? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????   ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????. ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?????, ??? "????, <...> ?????????? ????? ? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????..."³⁸. ??????, ????????? ???????????????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????-?????.
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